ICJ Adjourns Pulau Batu Puteh Sovereignty Dispute Case

THE HAGUE, Nov 24 - After sitting for 12 days, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) adjourned the sovereignty dispute case over Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge between Malaysia and Singapore.

Judge Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh, the ICJ vice-president, who headed the 16-member panel said the court would now retire for deliberations (of the case).

He said the court would inform the agents of the two countries in due course when judgment would be delivered.

The 16 judges included two ad hoc judges appointed by Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysia appointed Christopher S.R. Dugard of South Africa and Singapore, Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao of India.

ICJ president Judge Rosalyn Higgins had decided not to hear the case as she had represented Singapore before her appointment to the court's top post.

The court adjourned the case after hearing a closing statement by Malaysia's agent Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Mohamad who closed the case for Malaysia at about 6pm (1am Malaysian time) Friday.

Abdul Kadir Mohamad, the Ambassador-at-Large and also the Prime Minister's Adviser on Foreign Affairs, led the Malaysian team.

Datuk Noor Farida Ariffin, the Malaysian Ambassador to The Netherlands, was the co-agent.

Attorney-General Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail had also represented Malaysia together with Malaysia's team of international lawyers, namely Sir Elihu Lauterpacht and James Crawford, both professors in International Law at the Cambridge University; Nicolaas Jan Schrijver, professor of Public International Law, Leiden University; Marcelo G. Kohen, professor of International Law, the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva; and Penelope Nevill, college lecturer, Downing College, Cambridge University.

The proceedings started on Nov 6 with Singapore given four days until Nov 9 for the first round of oral pleadings while Malaysia's turn was from Nov 13 to 16.

The second and final round of oral arguments commenced on Nov 19 and 20 for Singapore and Nov 22 and 23 for Malaysia.

During the proceedings, the court heard Singapore's contention that Pulau Batu Puteh was terra nullius (No Man's Land) when Britain took possession of it from 1847 to 1851.

Singapore claimed it had conducted various activities there to show it had exercised sovereignty powers on the island which it called Pedra Branca.

Malaysia dismissed the claim that Pulau Batu Puteh was terra nullius, saying that the claim was flawed.

It stressed that Johor had the original title to the island and the two marine features since time immemorial and that Britain had obtained permission from Johor to build the lighthouse there.

Malaysia said Singapore is merely the administrator of the lighthouse on Pulau Batu Puteh and activities that have taken place there are just acts required by a lighthouse administrator.

Malaysia had also stressed that Britain's activities in relation to the Horsburgh Lighthouse and the island after 1851 were purely operational and did not reflect any intention to acquire sovereignty over the island.

Britain's and Singapore's activities in respect of the lighthouse did not amount to a conduct of sovereignty as claimed by Singapore, it submitted before the 16-member panel of judges.

The court did not specify when judgment would be delivered but on the average, it normally takes about six months to hand down the verdict - Bernama

Kes Pertikaian Kedaulatan Pulau Batu Puteh Ditangguh

THE HAGUE, 24 Nov - Selepas 12 hari bersidang, Mahkamah Keadilan Antarabangsa (ICJ) menangguhkan kes pertikaian antara Malaysia dan Singapura mengenai hak kedaulatan Pulau Batu Puteh, Terumbu Karang Tengah dan Terumbu Karang Selatan.

Hakim Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh, naib presiden ICJ, yang mengetuai panel 16 anggota berkata mahkamah kini akan ditangguh untuk rumusan kes itu.

Beliau berkata mahkamah akan memaklumkan ejen daripada kedua-dua negara bila keputusan akan diberikan.

Panel 16 hakim itu termasuk dua hakim yang dilantik secara ad hoc oleh Malaysia dan Singapura. Malaysia melantik Christopher S.R. Dugard dari Afrika Selatan manakala Singapura, Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao dari India.

Presiden ICJ Hakim Rosalyn Higgins memutuskan untuk tidak mendengar kes itu kerana beliau telah mewakili Singapura sebelum dilantik ke jawatan tertinggi mahkamah itu.

Mahkamah menangguhkan kes itu selepas mendengar hujahan penutup oleh ejen Malaysia Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Mohamad, yang menggulung kes itu untuk Malaysia pada kira-kira pukul 6 petang (1 pagi waktu Malaysia) Jumaat.

Pasukan Malaysia diketuai Abdul Kadir, Duta Tugas-tugas Khas yang juga Penasihat Hal Ehwal Luar kepada Perdana Menteri, manakala Datuk Noor Farida Ariffin, Duta Malaysia ke Belanda, adalah ejen bersama.

Malaysia turut diwakili Peguam Negara Tan Sri Abdul Gani Patail serta barisan peguam antarabangsa terdiri daripada Sir Elihu Lauterpacht dan James Crawford, kedua-duanya profesor Undang-undang Antarabangsa di Cambridge University; Nicolaas Jan Schrijver, profesor Undang-undang Awam di Leiden University; Marcelo G. Kohen, profesor Undang-undang Antarabangsa di Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva; dan Penelope Nevill, pensyarah di Downing College, Cambridge University.

Pusingan pertama pembentangan hujah secara lisan oleh Singapura berlangsung selama empat hari iaitu dari 6 hingga 9 Nov manakala pusingan pertama bagi Malaysia berlangsung dari 13 hingga 16 Nov.

Pusingan kedua dan akhir penghujahan lisan pula ialah 19 dan 20 Nov untuk Singapura manakala bagi Malaysia pula ialah 22 hingga 23 Nov.

Semasa penggulungan hujah, mahkamah mendengar hujah Singapura bahawa Pulau Batu Puteh adalah kawasan yang tidak dimiliki oleh sesiapa (terra nullius), dan bahawa dari 1847 hingga 1851, Britain mengambil pulau berkenaan tanpa keizinan dari mana-mana pemerintah tempatan.

Singapura mendakwa ia telah mengendalikan pelbagai kegiatan di pulau berkenaan untuk menunjukkan republik itu mempunyai hak kedaulatan terhadap pulau yang dipanggil Pedra Branca.

Malaysia bagaimanapun menegaskan bahawa Pulau Batu Puteh bukan terra nullius kerana Johor adalah pemegang hak milik asal ke atas pulau itu serta dua terumbu karang lain sejak zaman berzaman dan Britain telah mendapat kebenaran dari Johor untuk membina rumah api di sana.

Malaysia juga berkata Singapura hanyalah pentadbir rumah api yang terdapat di Pulau Batu Puteh, dan semua kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh republik itu di sana tidak lebih daripada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan oleh mana-mana pengendali rumah api.

Malaysia juga menegaskan bahawa kegiatan Britain dalam hubungan dengan rumah api Horsburgh dan pulau itu selepas 1851 hanyalah mengendali operasi rumah api dan tidak menunjukkan sebarang hasrat untuk memiliki kedaulatan pulau itu.

Kegiatan Britain dan Singapura berhubung dengan mentadbir rumah api itu bukan bermaksud ia mempunyai kedaulatan ke atas pulau itu seperti yang didakwa Singapura, hujah Malaysia di hadapan panel 16 anggota.

Mahkamah tidak menetapkan bila keputusan akan disampaikan tetapi secara kasarnya, mahkamah pada kebiasaan akan mengambil masa kira-kira enam bulan untuk mengisytiharkan keputusannya - Bernama